International Journal of Economic Social Science and Management LAW
Cloud Accounting Systems: Benefits and Challenges for Businesses
Cloud accounting systems represent a transformative shift in financial management, enabling businesses to access accounting software and financial data via internet-based platforms rather than traditional on-premise installations. This paper examines the benefits and challenges associated with the adoption of cloud accounting systems in business environments, with emphasis on small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in India. A mixed-methods research approach was employed, combining primary survey data from 60 business respondents with secondary data from industry reports, academic journals, and regulatory publications. Findings reveal that cloud accounting significantly enhances operational efficiency, real-time data access, cost reduction, and multi-location collaboration, while introducing challenges related to data security, internet dependency, customization limitations, and regulatory compliance. The study recommends a structured adoption roadmap with emphasis on vendor due diligence, employee training, and cybersecurity frameworks to maximize the value of cloud accounting investments.
Cloud accounting, SaaS, SMEs, financial management, data security, digital transformation, ERP, real-time reporting, cybersecurity, business efficiency.
Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
CUSTOMER EXPERIENCE ENHANCEMENT USING AI CHATBOTS IN BANKING
Artificial Intelligence (AI) powered chatbots have emerged as a transformative tool in the banking sector, reshaping the way financial institutions interact with customers. This paper examines the role of AI chatbots in enhancing customer experience (CX) in banking, focusing on service quality dimensions such as responsiveness, accuracy, personalization, and accessibility. With banks increasingly deploying conversational AI for balance enquiries, fund transfers, complaint registration, and product recommendations, understanding customer perception and satisfaction has become essential. Primary data was collected through a structured questionnaire administered to bank customers who have used chatbot-based banking services, supplemented with secondary data from industry reports, bank publications, and academic literature. The study finds that 24/7 availability, faster query resolution, and reduced waiting time are the strongest drivers of customer preference for AI chatbots over traditional banking channels, while concerns persist regarding limited handling of complex queries and lack of human empathy. The paper concludes with practical recommendations for banks to enhance chatbot design, integrate human hand-off mechanisms, and strengthen data security to maximize customer experience gains.
Artificial Intelligence, AI chatbots, customer experience, banking sector, conversational AI, digital banking, customer satisfaction, natural language processing, fintech, service quality.
Copyright (c) 2024 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
A Study on GST Compliance Using Artificial Intelligence Tools
Goods and Services Tax (GST) is a comprehensive indirect tax system introduced in India in 2017. Compliance with GST regulations remains a significant challenge for businesses, particularly Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). This study examines the role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools in improving GST compliance, reducing errors, and streamlining tax filing processes. Using a descriptive research design, primary data was collected from 100 respondents including tax consultants, business owners, and government officials. The findings reveal that 34% of respondents are fully compliant using AI-based systems, while a majority face challenges related to lack of technical knowledge and high implementation costs. The study concludes that AI-driven automation significantly enhances GST compliance efficiency and recommends broader adoption of AI tools with adequate training and policy support.
Artificial Intelligence, GST Compliance, Tax Automation, Machine Learning, SMEs, Indirect Tax, E-invoicing, Natural Language Processing.
Copyright (c) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
FEDERATED REINFORCEMENT LEARNING FOR INTELLIGENT ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGING MANAGEMENT
The Intelligent Electric Vehicle (EV) Charging Management System using Federated Reinforcement Learning (FRL) is a privacy-preserving and AI-based solution for optimizing electric vehicle charging. The system combines Reinforcement Learning (RL) to make intelligent charging and Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) decisions with Federated Learning (FL), enabling multiple EVs to collaboratively improve their charging models without sharing sensitive user data. Each EV learns from its local charging history based on factors such as battery State of Charge (SoC), electricity prices, departure time, and user preferences. A central server aggregates only the trained model parameters using the Federated Averaging (FedAvg) algorithm to create an improved global model. Developed using Flask, PyTorch, MySQL, and modern web technologies, the system provides smart charging recommendations, realtime battery monitoring, and grid management features. The proposed approach reduces charging costs, protects user privacy, improves grid stability, and supports efficient energy management for future smart transportation systems
Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Preventing Sexual Harassment against Women in India: A Socio-Legal Analysis
Sexual harassment of women continues to be one of the most widespread acts of gender based barriers to women's participation in community life in India. This socio-legal analysis critically analyzes the preventive mechanisms created by the Indian legislations, including the Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal) Act 2013, the constitution and criminal laws and the institutional structures. The paper provides analysis of the effectiveness of the Internal Complaints Committee, gender sensitisation programmes, awareness creation programmes and judicial intervention mechanism for the prevention and remedy of sexual harassment. The study examines the disparities between legal provisions and reality, identifies implementation obstacles, including low rates of reporting, institutional hurdles, a victim-blaming culture, and gaps in enforcement, from a doctrinal and empirical perspective. It also evaluates the socio-legal effects of preventative measures on women's safety, dignity and access to the public and professional arena. The paper ends with some action-oriented recommendations for enhancing preventive strategies, accountability and enabling gender-just society in India.
Creativity as a Core Competency: Preparing Students for an Innovative World
The ability to innovate, imagine, and create new things is essential to both academic achievement and an individual's personal growth. In addition, they cultivate analytical thinking, problem-solving skills, and the ability to learn new things in students. In the 21st century, where technology is rapidly evolving, there is inadequate learning in traditional academic rote-learning methods. The objective is to analyze the role of creativity in preparing students for future workforce and societal challenges. Recent studies indicate that digital technologies, collaborative tasks, and real-world problem-solving activities promote innovation and adaptability among learners. However, the literature also identifies barriers such as rigid curricula and exam-oriented systems. The study is a qualitative descriptive research study with secondary source data supported by literature analysis. The finding indicates the impact of student exposure to an independent, creative learning environment, which demonstrates improved adaptability, confidence, innovation, and critical thinking. The study concludes that creativity in curriculum design, teacher training, and assessment reforms is needed to prepare students for an innovative world, where education policy shifts towards holistic development and institutions can prepare graduates who are not just job-seekers, but job-creators, and capable of solving complex global challenges.
M.R. Saritha, Research Scholar1 , Basheer Ahmed 2
THE EFFICACY OF MUSIC-BASED INTERVENTIONS FOR ENHANCING SOCIAL SKILLS IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER
Autism is a disorder that includes differences and/or challenges in social communication skills, fine and gross motor skills, speech, and intellectual ability. Autism is characterized by persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction across multiple contexts, including deficits in social reciprocity, nonverbal communicative behaviors used for social interaction, and skills in developing, maintaining, and understanding relationships. This paper aims to study the effectiveness of Music Therapy in enhancing the Social Skills on Children with Autism. The sample consisted of six children, each having mild level of Autism and the Age ranging from 8 to 12 years were selected for improving social skills. The sample was taken from Child Guidance Clinic (CGC), Department of Pediatrics, SVRR Government General Hospital, Tirupati. Both therapist and parent undergone forty 45-minutes sessions of Social Skills training through Musical Activities for three months. Before and after intervention, Autism Social Skills Profile (ASSP) scale was administered to both of parents towards children with Autism which included two components of Social/Emotional Reciprocity (SER) and Social Participation (SP). The findings from Means, SDs and the paired t-test revealed that the effect of intervention in improving Social Skills and in two the Social Skill areas or components were statistically significant. There is a significant improvement in social skills among children with Autism (Music Intervention Package). The findings of the study further support the fact that Music Activity is an effective way of improving Social Skills among children with Autism.
Sivasankar Avula1, Dr. Somasekhara Naraganti2
TOPIC: EFFECT OF DANCE MOVEMENT THERAPY (DMT) ON SOCIAL SKILLS AMONG CHILDREN WITH MODERATE AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER
Autism is a disorder that includes differences and challenges in social communication skills like receptive and expressive language development, fine motor and gross motor skills and children with autism. Autism is characterized by persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction across multiple contexts, including deficits in social reciprocity, nonverbal communicative behaviors used for social interaction and skills in developing, maintaining and understanding relationships. This aim to study the effect of Dance movement therapy (DMT) on social and communication skills among children with mild autism. The sample consisted of seven children, each having moderate level of autism and age ranging from 6 to 10 years were selected for improving social skills. The sample was taken from KIDZ LIFE AUTISM CENTER, Chandanagar. Both therapist and parent undergone forty five 60 minutes sessions of social skills training through Movement based intervention for three months. Before and after intervention, Vineland Adaptive Behavior scale (VABS-II) was administered to both of parents towards children with autism which included socialization domain three sub domains like interpersonal relationships. Play and leisure time, coping skills. The findings from Means, SD and paired t test revealed that 1) the effect of intervention in improving socialization domain like interpersonal relationships. Play and leisure time, coping skills sub domains were statistically significant. 3) There is a significant improvement in social skills among children with moderate autism (Dance movement therapy package program). The findings of the study further support the fact that Movement based intervention is an effective way of improving social skills among children with moderate autism spectrum disorder.
Sudhaker Gangadevi1 , Dr.Somasekhara Naraganti2
The Change Execution Risk and Artificial Intelligence
This abstract explores how Artificial Intelligence can be used in containing the Change Execution Risk Exposure of Organizations. Change Execution Risk is the risk that the Change that the Management wants to bring into the organization could fail resulting in Strategic Failure, Loss of Resources, Loss of Competitive Edge, Regulatory Action and much more due to the way change was executed. An organization executes changes [implementation of strategies] through the vehicles of – Projects, Programmes and Portfolios. Containing the Change Execution Risk is in the critical path of achieving the organizational goals. Classic Example of a Change Execution Risk Event: A Project overshot its schedule by 10 months unable to meet the reporting requirement set out by the Regulator which invited regulatory penalties. The objective of containing the Change Execution Risk would be to prevent Projects/Programmes/Portfolios from failing to deliver the outcomes for which they are initiated [achieving strategic goals]. Change Execution Risks are traditionally contained or controlled through Project Management Best Practices and through Senior Management Oversight. Artificial Intelligence [AI] can be leveraged to contain the Change Execution Risk Events. The Proposed approach would be to interlink the Project Portfolio Management [PPM] Tools deployed in the organization like Clarity, Rally, Jeera, MS Project to extract Artificial Intelligence based Status Reports across functions and value streams to give a real time or close to real time report on the effectiveness of the Change Execution in the Organization. The Report can be called the Change Execution Effectiveness Report and can show if the major initiatives are on track or off track and provide warning signals to Senior Management to respond appropriately. The Power BI Tool can also be leveraged to provide innovative reports to Senior Management for swift action. For example, the Change Execution Effectiveness Report can highlight if any of the High Impact Project is off track or going to be off track basis the progress percentage recorded against key milestones, which will help the Senior Management to take prompt appropriate action or escalation to bring the Project back on track.
A Study of Edu Marketing Strategies in Private Schools
The development of marketing strategies has opened up new opportunities in various sectors including education. In the context of private schools in India marketing is becoming increasingly important to improve and build an image of the school as well as position itself as one of the best schools in the vicinity. The aim of this research is to explore effective improvement in handwriting and verbal communication among students and use this as a marketing strategy in retaining and attracting new admissions in the school. Data was collected through in-depth interviews with students of ages 3 years to 15 years. A total of 1151 students were interviewed along with school management, staff as well as a few parents / guardians in Bengaluru and Hyderabad region. The results of this research show that an improvement or effort by the teaching and non-teaching staff to inculcate legible handwriting in all three languages i.e. English, Hindi and Kannaada (in Karnataka state) / Telegu (in Telangana state) along with daily verbal communication practice by reading various articles, newspaper, magazines, articles and speeches on life works of eminent personalities. Apart from this partnership with various organizations to chant shlokas and collaboration with education community has also proven in improving school’s image. The conclusion of this research is that using non-digital marketing techniques along with digital presence has proved to be a powerful tool in education management to increase the visibility and attractiveness of schools. By implementing effective and right strategies schools can achieve their marketing goals and strengthen their position in the education field. School management and staff needs to put a strong and continuous commitment to update and improve their teaching and marketing strategies to remain relevant in the ever-changing times.
Connected Yet Distanced? Digital Mediation and the Transformation of Interpersonal Relationships among Indian Generation Z
The rapid expansion of digital technologies has fundamentally transformed interpersonal communication and social relationships across contemporary societies. Among the most affected demographic groups is Generation Z, often described as the first generation of true digital natives. In India, increasing smartphone penetration, affordable internet access, and widespread engagement with social media platforms have intensified the role of digital technologies in everyday social life. This paper critically examines the impact of digital mediation on interpersonal relationships among Indian Generation Z. Drawing upon contemporary sociological literature and theoretical perspectives such as Symbolic Interactionism, Dramaturgical Theory, Network Society Theory, and Media Richness Theory, the study explores how digital platforms influence communication patterns, identity formation, friendship networks, family relationships, and romantic relationships. The paper argues that digital mediation has created unprecedented opportunities for connectivity, self-expression, social participation, and the maintenance of long-distance relationships. Simultaneously, it has generated new challenges, including cyberbullying, social comparison, digital addiction, privacy concerns, emotional detachment, and reduced face-to-face interaction. The analysis further highlights the distinctive Indian context, where traditional family values, cultural norms, gender relations, and persistent digital inequalities intersect with emerging digital lifestyles. The findings suggest that the effects of digital mediation are neither inherently positive nor negative; rather, they depend upon patterns of technology use, levels of digital literacy, emotional intelligence, and socio-cultural contexts. The paper concludes that fostering responsible digital citizenship, digital literacy, and balanced online-offline engagement is essential for promoting healthy and meaningful relationships among Indian youth in an increasingly networked society.
Financial Performance of Telangana Dairy Development Cooperative Federation: A Study on Nizamabad District
The dairy sector plays a significant role in strengthening rural livelihoods in Telangana. The Telangana State Dairy Development Cooperative Federation (TSDDCF), widely known as Vijaya Dairy, functions as the primary cooperative institution responsible for milk procurement, processing, and marketing in the state. This study examines the financial performance of TSDDCF with special reference to Nizamabad district. Using secondary data obtained from government reports, district records, and published news sources, the research evaluates milk production, procurement patterns, and financial growth of the federation. The findings reveal that although Nizamabad district produces a substantial quantity of milk, cooperative procurement remains relatively low compared with private buyers. The study highlights operational challenges such as fodder shortages, rising feed costs, and limited cooperative infrastructure. It concludes by proposing strategies to strengthen milk collection networks, expand marketing channels, and enhance farmer participation in cooperative dairying.
Syed Haseebur Rahman1 . Dr. E.A. Parameswara Gupta2 ,
An Analysis of Constitution and Human Rights in India: A Study
Constitution and Human Rights are the two faces of the same coin for a human being to lead a respectful and dignified life in all types of society. In fact, in most countries, the constitution is considered the prime protector and provider of justice in all kinds of violations of human rights. The United Nations Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) of 1948 mandates all its member countries to provide and safeguard human rights, and they are to be universally protected. The Constitution of India was implemented on 26th January 1950 and enshrines the UDHR 1948 declaration in its part, including fundamental rights and made them justiciable by the judiciary. This study argues that awareness and complete understanding of the Constitution of India to avoid violations and to protect human rights in India effectively.
The Role of the Front Office in Strengthening Client Relations & Boosting Efficiency
The front office plays a pivotal role in shaping client perceptions and driving organizational efficiency. As the first point of contact, it serves as the face of the company, establishing trust and fostering long-term relationships through effective communication, professionalism, and responsiveness. By managing inquiries, coordinating services, and ensuring seamless client experiences, the front office strengthens customer loyalty and enhances satisfaction. Beyond client relations, the front office contributes to operational efficiency by streamlining administrative tasks, optimizing workflows, and supporting interdepartmental coordination. Its ability to balance customer-centric service with internal efficiency makes it a strategic asset in achieving organizational goals. This dual function— relationship building and efficiency enhancement—positions the front office not merely as a support unit but as a critical driver of organizational success in competitive markets.
Naghma Mohammed Siddiqui, Dr. D. Punyavathi
Decentralized Governance in Karnataka: A Study of Digital Institutional Reform through the Panchatantra 2.0 Framework.
Panchayati Raj began to strengthen local self-government in India. The 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act granted panchayats constitutional status and defined their powers. Karnataka later introduced digital governance to improve panchayat administration. The state launched the Panchatantra 1.0 application to manage accounts and services, but it faced limits in integration and scale. This led to the need for Panchatantra 2.0 as an improved digital platform. This study aims at digital institutional reform via Panchatantra 2.0. and also examines its benefits, key challenges, and practical solutions to improve service delivery, transparency, efficiency, and accountability in decentralized rural systems.
The Effect of Stress on Academic Performance among Late Adolescents and the Mental Health
Academic stress has emerged as a critical concern affecting the mental health and educational outcomes of late adolescents. This study investigates the multifaceted relationship between stress and academic performance among late adolescents, with a particular emphasis on its implications for mental health. Adolescence is a pivotal developmental stage marked by significant biological, psychological, and social transitions, rendering this population especially vulnerable to stressors originating from academic environments. Pressures such as examination demands, heavy workloads, peer competition, parental expectations, and fear of failure contribute substantially to elevated stress levels among students. The research adopts a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative data collection through structured questionnaires—including the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), and Academic Motivation Scale (AMS)—with qualitative insights gathered through semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions. A stratified random sample of 200–300 students from diverse educational institutions was selected to ensure representation across gender, academic performance levels, and socio-economic backgrounds. Findings indicate that while mild stress may occasionally function as a motivational stimulus, chronic and unmanaged stress significantly impairs cognitive functions critical to academic success, including memory retention, concentration, and problem-solving ability. Students experiencing high stress levels demonstrated reduced academic motivation, increased absenteeism, and a greater risk of academic burnout. Furthermore, the study reveals profound psychological consequences of sustained stress, including anxiety, depression, sleep disturbances, social withdrawal, and heightened vulnerability to long-term mental health disorders. The study underscores the urgent need for comprehensive support systems within educational and familial contexts. Recommendations include the integration of mental health programs and stress management workshops in schools, promotion of balanced and experiential learning approaches,and the cultivation of open communication between students, parents, and educators. Encouraging healthy coping mechanisms such as mindfulness practices, physical activity, and effective time management is also emphasized. This research contributes to the broader understanding of adolescent psychological challenges and advocates for a holistic approach that harmonizes academic achievement with mental well-being, thereby fostering resilient and well-rounded individuals.
Kokkiligadda Suguna 1 , Dr. Somasekhar Naraganti2
Designing a Scalable Target Operating Model for Early-Stage Startups: A Framework for Operational Resilience
Early-stage startups operate in highly uncertain environments characterized by rapid growth, evolving roles, and limited structural maturity. While startups excel in innovation and market responsiveness, many encounters operational breakdowns during scaling due to the absence of clearly defined governance mechanisms, standardized processes, and accountability structures. This challenge highlights the need for a purpose-built Target Operating Model (TOM) that enables startups to scale efficiently while maintaining operational control and adaptability. This paper presents a self-contained, scalable Target Operating Model framework specifically designed for early-stage startups to strengthen operational resilience and support sustainable growth. The proposed framework consists of five interdependent structural pillars: (1) Governance and decision architecture, defining authority, escalation pathways, and oversight mechanisms; (2) Process design and standardization, ensuring consistency, efficiency, and scalability of core operational workflows; (3) Role clarity and accountability structure, establishing defined responsibilities and ownership across functions; (4) Performance management and monitoring systems, enabling objective measurement, transparency, and informed decision-making; and (5) Financial control and risk management mechanisms, ensuring resource discipline, compliance, and operational stability. The framework emphasizes scalability by incorporating modular design principles that allow operating structures to evolve alongside organizational growth without requiring fundamental redesign. It also integrates adaptability features that enable startups to respond effectively to changing strategic priorities and external conditions.This paper contributes a practical and structured operating model blueprint that founders and startup leaders can adopt to assess operational readiness and systematically build scalable organizational capabilities. By positioning the Target Operating Model as a foundational organizational framework, this paper provides a structured pathway for startups to transition from informal, founder-driven operations to resilient, scalable, and sustainable enterprises.
Creativity As A Catalyst For Commercial Innovation
Today, creativity has emerged as a major factor for innovation in modern commerce, which impacts how businesses generate value, compete, and adapt in a changing marketplace. This particular research aims to address the concept of creativity not only as an individual mental process but also as a collective organisational skill that enables research findings to be successfully commercialised. This particular paper, through an amalgamation of views from research methodology, design thinking, and entrepreneurial perspectives, aims to address how creative ideas facilitate product development, service differentiation, and business renewal. Through case studies of different sectors, such as the tech industry, cultural industries, and sustainable businesses, the role of creativity is demonstrated as a factor that accelerates innovation and increases market relevance. The research also covers challenges that need to be addressed, such as the commercialisation of creativity, intellectual property issues, and the need for practicality. Overall, the research aims to highlight the role of creativity as a facilitator that bridges knowledge creation and commercialisation, providing a framework for businesses and academic institutions to build sustainable innovation systems.
Perceived Usefulness Of Direct Benefit Transfers (DBT) And Farmers’ Self-Esteem: An Empirical Study In Telangana
Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT) programmes have emerged as important policy instruments for strengthening farmers' livelihood security and improving the efficiency of agricultural welfare delivery in India. Among these, PM-KISAN and Telangana's Rythu Bandhu scheme represent major income-support interventions aimed at reducing financial vulnerability among farming households. While previous studies have primarily examined the economic outcomes of DBT programmes, their psychological implications remain relatively underexplored. The present study investigates the relationship between perceived usefulness of DBT schemes and farmers' self-esteem in Telangana. Using a quantitative cross-sectional survey design, data were collected from 140 farmers through a structured questionnaire. Perceived usefulness was assessed using constructs adapted from the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), while selfesteem was measured using the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES). The findings revealed significant differences in perceived usefulness and self-esteem across gender, income, land ownership, and beneficiary status. Beneficiary farmers reported significantly higher perceived usefulness and self-esteem than non-beneficiaries. Furthermore, a significant positive relationship was observed between perceived usefulness and self-esteem, indicating that farmers who perceived DBT schemes as beneficial were more likely to report higher levels of confidence and self-worth. The study concludes that agricultural welfare interventions contribute not only to economic support but also to positive psychosocial outcomes, highlighting the importance of incorporating psychological dimensions into the evaluation of agricultural welfare policies.
Chandrakanth Reddy Kunda¹*, Dr.Subhashini Akurathi²
E-RECRUITMENT IN THE DIGITAL ERA: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY OF PERCEPTION, CREDIBILITY, AND SATISFACTION AMONG POSTGRADUATE JOBSEEKERS IN NAGPUR CITY
The integration of digital technologies into human resource management has significantly transformed recruitment practices across the globe. E-recruitment, defined as the systematic use of internet-based platforms for attracting, screening, and selecting candidates, has emerged as a dominant hiring methodology in the rapidly digitising Indian economy. This study investigates the perception, credibility, and satisfaction levels of post-graduate jobseekers in Nagpur City towards e-recruitment systems. A quantitative research design was adopted, and primary data were collected from 150 respondents through a structured questionnaire employing a five-point Likert scale. Statistical tools including Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis were employed to examine the hypothesised relationships. The findings reveal that perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, and platform credibility significantly influence jobseekers' overall satisfaction. Regression coefficients confirm that perception (β = 0.52, p < 0.05) and credibility (β = 0.47, p < 0.05) are robust predictors of satisfaction. The study contributes to the growing body of digital HRM literature by providing regionspecific insights from a Tier-II Indian city and proposes strategic recommendations for improving recruitment platforms from the candidate experience perspective.
E-Recruitment, Jobseekers, Perception, Platform Credibility, User Satisfaction, Digital HRM, Nagpur
THE IMPACT OF THE USA–IRAN CONFLICT ON INDIA'S FINANCIAL SYSTEM: THE ROLE OF OIL PRICES AND EXCHANGE RATE VOLATILITY
Geopolitical conflicts have become significant external shocks influencing global economic stability and financial markets. Among these, the ongoing tensions between the United States and Iran have repeatedly disrupted international crude oil markets, leading to increased price volatility and uncertainty. As one of the world's largest crude oil importers, India remains particularly vulnerable to fluctuations in global oil prices, which subsequently affect exchange rates, inflation, capital flows, and overall financial system stability. This study examines how the USA–Iran conflict is transmitted to India's financial system through changes in crude oil prices and exchange rate volatility. The study adopts a quantitative, descriptive, and analytical research design based entirely on secondary data collected from reliable sources, including the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas, International Monetary Fund (IMF), World Bank, National Stock Exchange (NSE), and other publicly available databases. Annual and quarterly data covering the period from 2020 to 2026 are analysed using trend analysis, descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and regression techniques to examine the relationships among geopolitical events, Brent crude oil prices, the INR/USD exchange rate, inflation, and selected financial market indicators. The findings indicate that periods of heightened USA–Iran geopolitical tension are generally associated with increases in global crude oil prices and greater exchange rate volatility. Rising oil prices contribute to the depreciation of the Indian Rupee, increase imported inflation, and create uncertainty in financial markets, thereby affecting overall financial stability. The study highlights the importance of strengthening India's energy security, maintaining adequate foreign exchange reserves, diversifying crude oil import sources, and implementing prudent monetary and fiscal policies to reduce vulnerability to external geopolitical shocks. The research contributes to the growing literature on geopolitical risk transmission and provides practical policy implications for government authorities, financial institutions, and investors seeking to enhance economic resilience against global uncertainties.
USA–Iran Conflict, Geopolitical Risk, Brent Crude Oil, Oil Prices, Exchange Rate Volatility, INR/USD, Indian Financial System, Financial Stability, Inflation, Stock Market, Secondary Data Research.
GENDER JUSTICE 2.0: TRANSFORMATIVE CONSTITUTIONALISM IN THE CHANGING INDIA
Gender justice in India has moved through two distinct constitutional moments. The first, spanning the 1970s to the 1990s, secured formal equality through anti-discrimination rulings centred on employment, service conditions, and inheritance. The second “Gender Justice 2.0” unfolding over the past decade, is animated by transformative constitutionalism: an interpretive philosophy that treats the Constitution not as a static charter preserving existing social arrangements, but as an instrument for reordering them. This paper examines the evolution of gender justice through transformative constitutionalism, analyses landmark Supreme Court judgments, and evaluates contemporary challenges in achieving substantive equality. It argues that "Gender Justice 2.0" requires moving beyond formal equality towards inclusive, intersectional, and rights-based approaches that recognize diverse gender identities and lived experiences.
Forest Resource Degradation and Its Impact on Rural Livelihood in North Bengal
North Bengal, encompassing the sub-Himalayan foothills and the Terai-Dooars ecological zone, harbours some of India's richest forest biodiversity. However, sustained anthropogenic pressure, compounded by policy shortfalls and climate variability, has led to progressive forest degradation over the past five decades. This study examines the multidimensional relationship between forest resource degradation and the livelihood vulnerability of rural communities across eight districts of North Bengal, West Bengal, India. Employing a mixed-methods research design, primary data were collected from 500 purposively sampled households across 25 villages using structured questionnaires, focus group discussions (FGDs), and key informant interviews (KIIs). Secondary data were sourced from the Forest Survey of India (FSI), State Forest Department records, Census of India, and NSSO reports. The findings reveal that approximately 68% of rural households remain directly dependent on forest resources for fuel, fodder, food, and supplementary income. Forest cover in the study area has declined by an estimated 24.3% over the last three decades, substantially reducing the availability of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) and increasing household income vulnerability. Forest-dependent households record annual incomes 43% lower than non-forest-dependent counterparts, with higher rates of poverty, food insecurity, child malnutrition, and lower school enrolment. The study identifies illegal felling, agricultural encroachment, and over-extraction of fuelwood as the primary drivers of degradation. Community-based forest governance, alternative livelihood promotion, and sustainable NTFP enterprise development are recommended as priority interventions for restoring forestlivelihood linkages in North Bengal.
Forest Degradation, Rural Livelihood, North Bengal, Non-Timber Forest Products, Community Forest Management, Livelihood Vulnerability, Terai-Dooars
गणित विषय के प्रति विद्यार्थियों की रुचि और दृष्टिकोण का विश्लेषण: संथाल परगना के विशेष संदर्भ में
गणित शिक्षा विद्यार्थियों के बौद्धिक विकास, तार्किक चिंतन एवं समस्या समाधान क्षमता के विकास में महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाती है। वर्तमान अध्ययन का उद्देश्य संथाल परगना क्षेत्र के विद्यार्थियों की गणित विषय के प्रति रुचि एवं दृष्टिकोण का विश्लेषण करना है। अध्ययन में यह जानने का प्रयास किया गया कि विद्यार्थियों की सामाजिक, आर्थिक, सांस्कृतिक एवं शैक्षिक पृष्ठभूमि गणित विषय के प्रति उनकी रुचि और दृष्टिकोण को किस प्रकार प्रभावित करती है। अध्ययन से यह ज्ञात हुआ कि गणित विषय के प्रति सकारात्मक दृष्टिकोण रखने वाले विद्यार्थी बेहतर शैक्षिक उपलब्धि प्राप्त करते हैं, जबकि गणितीय भय एवं शिक्षण संसाधनों की कमी विद्यार्थियों की रुचि को प्रभावित करती है।
A ROBUST DEEP LEARNING APPROACH FOR AUTOMATED DETECTION AND CLASSIFICATION OF GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT DISEASES IN ENDOSCOPY IMAGES
Gastrointestinal (GI) disorders represent a major global health burden, and accurate early diagnosis is critical for effective treatment and improved patient outcomes. Endoscopic imaging is a primary diagnostic tool; however, manual interpretation is subjective and prone to errors. This study presents a deep learning-based approach for automated classification of GI diseases using EfficientNet-B1 and ResNet-101 models on the Kvasir-V2 dataset. Image preprocessing and supervised learning techniques were applied to enhance feature extraction and model generalization. Experimental results indicate that EfficientNet-B1 outperformed ResNet-101, achieving an accuracy of 94.71% with high precision, recall, and F1-score values. The proposed framework demonstrates the effectiveness of deep learning in supporting gastroenterologists by providing reliable and accurate diagnostic predictions. This approach has the potential to improve clinical workflows and reduce diagnostic variability in endoscopic examinations.
Gastrointestinal diseases, Endoscopy, Deep learning, EfficientNet-B1, ResNet-101, Kvasir-V2, Medical image classification.
ADAPTIVE ML FRAMEWORKS FOR ANOMALY DETECTION IN HEALTHCARE TRANSACTIONS: A NATIONAL SECURITY PERSPECTIVE
Healthcare fraud, waste, and abuse (FWA) represent a significant threat to national health security and economic stability, draining billions from the public sector and compromising the integrity of essential services. As healthcare systems increasingly transition to digital transaction environments, they become vulnerable to sophisticated adversarial actors. A critical gap exists in current defense mechanisms: static machine learning models lack the agility to counter rapidly evolving fraudulent tactics and concept drift. This paper proposes a novel adaptive machine learning framework for anomaly detection in healthcare transactions, specifically designed for high-stakes security environments. Unlike traditional approaches, the proposed framework utilizes continuous learning paradigms to autonomously update its parameters in response to emerging adversarial patterns. Experimental evaluations demonstrate that the framework achieves an anomaly detection rate exceeding 94%, significantly outperforming baseline models while simultaneously reducing false positive rates-a crucial factor for maintaining operational efficiency in critical infrastructure. From a national security perspective, the implementation of such adaptive systems is vital for protecting medical supply chains and ensuring the resilience of pandemic response mechanisms. By securing the financial and data integrity of healthcare systems, this research provides a robust defense against domestic and transnational economic threats. The findings suggest that transitioning to adaptive, continuous learning architecture is essential for safeguarding the national public health framework against the destabilizing effects of large-scale systemic abuse. Empirical evaluation across heterogeneous healthcare transaction datasets demonstrates a detection rate exceeding 94%, alongside statistically significant reductions in false positives relative to established baseline models. These gains reflect the framework's capacity to maintain precision under concept drift - a critical operational requirement for real-world deployment. From a national security standpoint, the framework's applicability extends beyond billing fraud to safeguarding the integrity of medical supply chains, reinforcing critical healthcare infrastructure resilience, and strengthening institutional responsiveness during large-scale public health crises.
Adaptive machine learning; anomaly detection; healthcare transactions; national security; continuous learning; fraud detection.
Shila Das, Yousuf Md Shahan, Joynob Sultana, Sayem Sarwar, Fahim Abrar, Majharul Islam Shanto
THE ROLE OF THE MARKETING MIX IN ACHIEVING COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE IN GLOBAL MARKETS: A CASE STUDY OF HERITAGE FOODS INDIA LIMITED
Marketing mix is a combination of marketing tools that are used to satisfy customers and company objectives. Consumers often call the marketing mix "the offering." Your offer is controlled by the variables often referred to as the four Ps in marketing By using variations of these four components you have the ability to reach multiple consumers within your target market. Creating a successful marketing mix that will increase results often takes experimenting and market research. There are many methods that can be used, both in person and the use of impersonal presentations. The key is to not always depend on "one" mix always explore other avenues. The combining and coordination of these elements will be more effective than depending on one. You must coordinate all elements so that the prospective consumer is not being sent mixed messages that can cause confusion. For instance make sure that if you have a practice that caters to a niche market that your product is geared towards the need of that market, your price is within the budget of that market, you are distribution your product or service where it will be seen by that market, and gear your promotion to solve the problems that they are encountering. If you remember one thing from this article it is that one of the main keys to the success of any marketing program is the ability to work effectively in shaping marketing mixes that meet the nature and needs of your specified target market.
THE IMPACT OF PRICING STRATEGIES ON PROFIT MARGINS AND BUSINESS SUSTAINABILITY AT ULTRATECH CEMENT
Pricing strategy is one of the most important elements of marketing management that directly influences sales, profitability, and customer perception. It refers to the methods and approaches used by organizations to determine the prices of their products and services in a competitive market. An effective pricing strategy helps businesses attract customers, achieve revenue goals, and maintain a sustainable competitive advantage. This study examines various pricing strategies such as cost-based pricing, value-based pricing, penetration pricing, skimming pricing, competitive pricing, and psychological pricing. It explores how these strategies affect consumer purchasing behavior, market share, and organizational performance. The study also highlights the role of factors such as production costs, customer demand, competitor pricing, and market conditions in pricing decisions.
ENHANCING SALES PERFORMANCE THROUGH TELEMARKETING: BEST PRACTICES AND CASE STUDIES AT FORTUNE FORD
Telemarketing remains a significant direct marketing tool that enables organizations to communicate with customers, generate leads, promote products and services, and improve sales performance. With advancements in customer relationship management (CRM) systems, data analytics, and communication technologies, telemarketing has evolved from a traditional sales approach into a strategic customer engagement channel. Effective telemarketing helps businesses identify customer needs, provide personalized solutions, build long-term relationships, and increase conversion rates. This study examines the role of telemarketing in enhancing sales performance by analyzing best practices adopted by successful organizations and evaluating real-world case studies. The research highlights key factors contributing to telemarketing success, including proper customer segmentation, agent training, effective communication skills, script optimization, customer relationship management, and performance monitoring. It also explores the integration of digital tools and customer data to improve targeting and customer interactions. The findings indicate that organizations implementing customer-centric telemarketing strategies experience higher customer satisfaction, improved lead conversion, increased sales revenue, and stronger customer retention. Furthermore, the study demonstrates that ethical practices, compliance with regulatory standards, and continuous performance evaluation are essential for sustainable telemarketing success
THE IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENTS ON MARKET TRENDS IN HEALTH CARE PRODUCTS AT HETERO DRUGS
Technological advancements have significantly transformed the healthcare products market by improving product quality, accessibility, efficiency, and patient outcomes. Innovations such as artificial intelligence (AI), telemedicine, wearable health devices, digital health platforms, biotechnology, and advanced medical equipment have revolutionized the way healthcare products are developed, marketed, and consumed. These technologies enable real-time health monitoring, personalized treatment solutions, and enhanced patient engagement, leading to increased demand for innovative healthcare products. Furthermore, the integration of data analytics and automation has improved supply chain management, product development, and customer service within the healthcare industry. Market trends indicate a growing preference for smart healthcare devices, remote patient monitoring systems, and digitally connected health solutions. While technological progress offers numerous opportunities for healthcare providers and manufacturers, challenges such as high implementation costs, data privacy concerns, and regulatory compliance remain significant. This study examines the impact of technological advancements on market trends in healthcare products, highlighting key innovations, consumer behavior changes, opportunities, and challenges that shape the future of the healthcare sector. The findings emphasize the importance of continuous technological innovation in driving market growth, enhancing healthcare delivery, and improving overall patient satisfaction.