Transforming Waste into Value: Circular Economy Strategies for Modern Commerce

Abstract

This paper explores the paradigm shift from the linear "take-make-dispose" model to a circular framework within the global commerce landscape. In 2026, the circular economy is no longer a niche sustainability initiative but a core industrial strategy.This research investigates how circularity redefines "value" by decoupling economic growth from resource depletion, transforms "waste" into a secondary raw material asset, and reshapes "consumption" through Product-as-a-Service (PaaS) models. Through a multi-disciplinary lens, we analyze the impact of Digital Product Passports (DPP) and AI-driven supply chains on the commercial viability of closed-loop systems.