POST-GALWAN INDIA–CHINA RELATIONS: STRATEGIC CHALLENGES AND EMERGING OPPORTUNITIES

Abstract

The India–China relationship has undergone a significant transformation following the Galwan Valley clash of June 2020, marking the most serious military confrontation between the two countries in over four decades. The incident fundamentally altered bilateral relations by intensifying strategic distrust, accelerating military modernization, and reshaping regional security dynamics in Asia. This study examines the strategic challenges and emerging opportunities in India–China relations during the post-Galwan period. Using a qualitative and theoretical approach based on geopolitical realism, complex interdependence, and regional security complex theory, the paper analyzes border security, economic engagement, diplomatic negotiations, the Indo-Pacific strategy, and multilateral cooperation. The study finds that while border tensions continue to hinder bilateral trust, both countries recognize the importance of maintaining economic cooperation, managing crises through diplomacy, and engaging in regional institutions to prevent escalation. The research concludes that a balanced approach combining strategic preparedness, diplomatic dialogue, and economic resilience is essential for ensuring long-term stability in India–China relations.