FARMERS’ RIGHTS AND AGRICULTURAL WELFARE POLICIES IN INDIA: A SOCIO-LEGAL ANALYSIS

Abstract

Agriculture remains a fundamental pillar of India's economy and rural livelihood. A large section of the population depends directly or indirectly on agriculture for employment and survival. Despite its importance, the agricultural sector faces numerous challenges such as climate change, market instability, indebtedness, and declining farm income. The Indian government has introduced several welfare policies and legal mechanisms to protect farmers’ rights and ensure agricultural sustainability. This research paper presents a socio-legal analysis of farmers’ rights and agricultural welfare policies in India within the constitutional and legislative framework. The study examines the role of government schemes, legal protections, and institutional mechanisms in safeguarding farmers’ interests. The research further explores socio-economic challenges faced by farmers and evaluates the effectiveness of current policies in addressing these issues. The paper concludes that although significant legal and policy measures exist to protect farmers, greater awareness, transparency, and institutional coordination are necessary to ensure equitable development and sustainable agricultural growth.